Everything about G4 Nations totally explained
The G4 member states were:
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The
G4 (
Group of Four) is an alliance among
India,
Germany,
Japan and
Brazil for the purpose of supporting each other’s bid for permanent seats on the
United Nations Security Council. Unlike the
G8 (formerly known as
G7), where the common denominator is the
economy and long term political motives, the G4's primary aim is the permanent member seats on the
UN Security Council.
The
UN currently has five permanent members with
veto powers in the Security Council: The
People's Republic of China,
France,
Russia, the
United Kingdom, and the
United States. The G4 nations are regularly elected to two-year terms on the Security Council by their respective groups: in the 20-year period from 1987 to 2006, Japan and Brazil were elected for four terms each where Germany for three terms and
India for six terms.
While almost all nations have agreed in principle that the UN needs a revamping which includes expansion, few countries are willing to talk about the exact time frame for such a reorganization. Also there has been discontent among the present permanent members regarding the inclusion of controversial nations or countries not supported by them. For instance,
Japan's bid is heavily opposed by the
People's Republic of China. At the same time
Japan finds strong support from the
USA and the UK.
France and the
UK have announced that they support the claims of the G4. Note that nearby countries with less chance or need (in the case of the current permanent members) of a Security Council seat for themselves often oppose the efforts of the G-4— with
Pakistan opposing a Security Council seat for India,
South Korea and
China opposing a seat for Japan,
Argentina opposing a seat for
Brazil, and
Italy opposing a seat for Germany (see
Uniting for Consensus). Also important are historical political animosities toward certain G4 nations (see
Japanese war crimes,
Comfort women for Japan, and
The Holocaust for Germany).
The G4 suggested that two
African nations be included in the enlarged UNSC. In several conferences during the summer of 2005, the
African Union was unable to agree on two nominees:
Egypt,
Nigeria and
South Africa all lay claim for a permanent African UNSC seat.
A
UN General Assembly in September 2005 marked the 60th anniversary of the UN and the members were to decide on a number of necessary reforms—including the enlarged SC. However the unwillingness to find a negotiable position stopped even the most urgent reforms; the September 2005 General Assembly was a setback for the UN.
The G4 retain their goal of permanent UNSC membership for all four nations (plus two African nations). However, Japan announced in January 2006 that it wouldn't support putting the G4 resolution back on the table and was working on a resolution of its own.
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